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JATILAN

In a certain place in Malioboro or in Alun-alun Lor (Palace North Square), Yogyakarta or infront of Sriwedari, Solo or Somewhere in Simpang Lima – Semarang, a loud of rhythmical gamelan music is heard and then a crowd gathering is seen in the sidewalks or in the square. Those people are watching a Jatilan dance, played by several dancers on a flat bamboo horses, accompanied by a loud sound of gamelan music interrupted by the sound of whips. The players could be men or women.

Jatilan is another kind of trance dance which can be seen in many places in Java, in the towns as well as in the villages. The other name for jatilan is Jaran Kepang or Jaran Dor (jaran is horse in Javanese; dor is the sound of a whip).

The most eye-cathing and dramatic is the dancer on a flat bamboo horse who becomes entranced. He moves wildly, rolling himself on the ground several times, whipped many times by the dukun – the leader of the jatilan group, the whole thing is quite demonic.

The most breath-taking action by the trance dancers is when he is eating raw paddy rice and electric bulbs or other materials of glasses. Sometimes he eats also a bowl of hot chili pepper. It is something beyond logic. The performance usually takes about thirty minutes time.

The most important man in jatilan is the dukun, the leader who possesses Supernatural power. He must have the ability to control the trance dancer, when the dancers should begin, and at the end has to order him to stop and put him back conscious again.

After a short break, the jatilan group should continue its way to play in another place. In a day the group could play several times – five or six times per day.

The Indonesian word ‘wayang’ is derived from a word meaning ’shadow’ or ‘ghost’. These intricately cut and perforated shadow puppets are made from buffalo hide. ‘Kulit’ means ‘leather’ or ’skin’. ‘Wayang Kulit’ has a documented history of existence of at least 800 years in the Indonesian archipelago.

This was an open air performance under the stars. A temporary bamboo platform had been constructed in the village square. It had a raised stage on which the puppeteer and musicians of the ‘Gender Wayang’ orchestra sat cross-legged. A fine cotton screen, called ‘kelir’, separates the dalang from his audience. This screen represents the universe and the light from a bronze oil lamp, called ‘blencong’ just in front of the dalang throws magical flickering shadows onto it.

There is no hiding the mechanics of the show as in Western theatre since the bamboo platform had no sides. The audience is free to sit either facing the screen, or can watch the dalang at work.

Before a play begins, the dalang undertakes several ceremonial acts and rituals to assure a successful performance. With great reverence, he taps three times on the wooden box containing all his puppets in order to wake them up. Figures of deities representing good and evil (sometimes over one hundred) are ranged in their prescribed place to the left and right hand sides of the screen. When quiescent, the puppets are spiked into the soft flesh of the trunk of a banana tree at the base of the cotton screen. This represents the earth.

The dalang underscores the action and the rhythm of his chanting while sitting cross-legged by tapping loudly with quickening tempo on the wooden puppet box at his back with a little bronze knob held between the toes of one foot. He also uses this device to conduct the small Gender Wayang orchestra of xylophones and gongs sitting behind him, all the time maintaining a number of different body rhythms as he manipulates the puppets.

The dalang is a highly venerated artist with exceptional powers over the elements at his command. He is a complete performer who excels in many things. He displays enormous physical and mental endurance. He is an orator with a prodigious memory who must be able to repeat many lengthy texts word for word but also improvise entire interludes ranging from ribald jokes to philosophical conversations. He is a scholar of literature and yet keeps himself abreast, not only of national events, but of everyday happenings in the district including the latest gossip and scandal. He must know all his figures, about one hundred or more, their nature and symbolic importance, and have such vocal dexterity as to give each its proper tone and pitch at times creating the illusion of conversation. He deftly composes scenes on the fly, all the while paying particular attention to the artistic arrangement of his figures. He poses them in stances appropriate to their character and situation and in keeping their relationship to each other. He has to compose and sing songs as well as direct the orchestra that accompanies him. Besides all this, he is a poet-playwright who shares new wisdom in a way that satisfies public taste.

So what is the effect of all this? When the puppet is pressed up against the cotton sheet, its shadow is sharp and steady. Where it curls away from the screen a little, the shadow rapidly softens. The flickering light from the uncertain oil lamp causes these indistinct portions to quiver and waver. Sometimes puppets are presented to the screen from behind the lamp instead of entering from the wings. When this happens, they seem to magically materialise out of the very air itself as soft indistinct forms darken, gathering form and substance as they near the screen. The effect is ethereal and utterly mesmerizing.

The compelling visual appeal of a Wayang Kulit show might easily be explained by the physical laws and properties of light. The spiritual and metaphysical dimensions of the shadow play are much harder for a Westerner to describe.

The shadow play is magically powerful. At times the dalang appears to be in a trance. It is commonly believed that the audience is protected from evil influences during a Wayang Kulit performance. Its vast repertoire of tales covers all aspects of life. As well as having an educational role in society, its stories provide spiritual guidance for the people. It is as though this translucent screen with its play of light and shadow is the interface between two realms of existence – a small rectangle in the fabric of the world mediated by the dalang from where spirit beings from other planes of existence impart the wisdom of the ages to mankind. Wayang characters provide types to be emulated, giving the young an idea of what qualities to strive for.

The balmy night air was sweet with the scent of clove cigarettes. The audience, from the very young to the very old, including one white man, was held spell bound by the skills of the dalang and the stories he told. Little children, cradled in their parent’s arms, stared wide-eyed at the screen, transfixed by its magic. As the night wore on, they valiantly fought a losing battle against the relentlessness of sleep, their heads occasionally jerking, wanting so desperately to stay awake.

Exciting battle scenes are usually staged shortly after midnight. These are truly fantastic to watch and is technically one of the more exacting test’s of the dalang’s dexterity in manipulating his puppets. Some fight scenes require the physical engagement of characters, up to six at a time, and in others, opponents use a combination of weaponry and magical powers to achieve their ends. These sequences are rich with special effects. Cutouts representing balls of fire, lightening or tempest might be used. With a trick of light and shade and a deft exchange of the puppet, characters were made to transform before a wide-eyed audience into mystical beings, a garuda, a snake. There were moments of enthralling, almost cinematic action, which I thought compared favorably with the most exciting fast-paced fighting sequences from Hong Kong Kung Foo movies that you could imagine. Characters lunged at each other, their staccato jousting movements under scored by the rapid tapping of the brass knob between the dalang’s toes. They wrestled back and forth across the screen, or were thrown bodily into the air to spin 360 degrees before being slammed into a dead stop against the screen by another puppet entering the fray from the back. As delicate as they look, the leather puppets are remarkably robust, and during fight scenes, are thrown roughly about the screen. At times the oil lamp is set swaying to heighten the chaos of the battlefield. This was better than television!

At other times the story demanded large formal chunks of dialogue spoken in Kawi, an ancient Javanese tongue derived from Sanskrit which nobody but the dalang understands. Such sequences are characterised by courtly speeches delivered with astonishing vocalisation. The dalang can modulate his voice from strong and powerful delivery to the very softly spoken. Sometimes shadow plays are broadcast on the radio without any imagery. The figures jerk forward ever so slightly when speaking and with restrained refined and measured gestures, use their outstretched hands to accent words. The technique is beautiful to watch. During these lengthy passages in ancient Kawi, the audience stretched weary bodies and moved about. Teenagers stood up and picked their way through the crowd to perhaps buy some roasted peanuts from the vendors gathered around, or a drink, or to chat with their boyfriends and girlfriends.

But it is the clowns such as, Semar, Bagong, Petruk, and in Bali, Togog and Bebrodesan, which are most loved by the audience, educated and illiterate alike, and with whom the Indonesian people most readily identify. They are cohorts allied to either the good or wicked. Since the clowns figures speak the everyday language of the people, they are also used to interpret the events within time-honoured stories told in ancient tongues. Witty, crude and forever trading crass insults and innuendoes, the buffoonery of these characters allows the dalang to launch into marvelous ad lib comic sequences that embellish stories with topical village gossip, political intrigue and scandal which can leave the audience clutching their stomachs in hysterical laughter.

I count myself fortunate indeed to have witnessed this traditional shadow puppet play in the village of Bedulu near Goa Gaja, Bali in 1979. Here the ‘dalang’ or puppeteer pulls a string which manipulates the mouth of the puppet he is operating. The articulated mouth on some Balinese puppet figures seems to be peculiar to the island. The dalang gives the puppet not just a voice, however, but becomes a ‘medium’ through which the spirits of deities can speak to humans. These performances can last from dusk till dawn.

Wayang Kulit figures wait in the wings each side of the screen in readiness to portray the constant battle between the opposing forces of good and evil. Drama ensues when the world is thrown out of balance.

Two young assistants, sitting each side of the screen, hand puppets to the dalang as they are needed. His skills bring them to life so as to play their role in one of the ancient Sanskrit epic poems of India – the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Sukarno, Indonesia’s first President and father of the nation, was often referred to as the dalang of the Indonesian people.

Australian director, Peter Weir’s film ‘The Year of Living Dangerously’ about the turbulent upheaval in the sixties when Sukarno was ousted, contained a memorable scene featuring Wayang Kulit puppets.

A Javanese shadow puppet. Islam forbids the depiction of the human form which is one of the reasons given for the highly stylized appearance of Javanese puppets compared to their counterparts elsewhere in South East Asia. The workmanship is also perhaps more refined than most, with very intricate perforations. The best look like exquisite filigree.

These puppets come in all shapes and sizes from the squarish brutish forms of the giants, ‘raksasa’, to the smaller fine limbed figures representing highly cultured kings and nobles. Some are grotesques. In fact every part of a puppet’s design has symbolic significance. Different shaped eyes and noses denote such qualities as nobility, patience, crudeness, steadfastness, strength, loyalty, clownishness or wisdom. There are about 25 varieties of headdress to represent priests, princes, fighters, queens deities, kings or gods.

Although shadow puppets are usually only seen as silhouettes, they are nevertheless fastidiously painted using very fine brushwork to elaborately render facial detail, clothing and jewelry. Faces can be painted white, black, red, pink or even blue or green. Young nobles or kings have white or gilded faces, while those who are older have black faces indicating inner maturity. Various shades of red are used to express degrees of boldness. The bare chest and arms, are often picked out in gold paint. Actual gold leaf was applied to puppets belonging to the Sultans of Java.

Other shows involving puppets of a different type are the ‘Wayang Klitik’, thin two dimensional puppets carved from wood in semi relief. These have arms made of leather just like their ‘Kulit’ cousins. ‘Wayang Golek,’ are three dimensional puppets of carved and painted wood, often dressed in clothing made from faded discarded sarongs.

Wayan Kulit performances are held for religious occassions, purification ceremonies, or when some transitional event occurs within the life of the people. But the art is also called upon for other tasks too.

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by: Claudia White

There is nothing more relaxing than having a week or two to spend at the beach. Vacation homes are a wonderful change from staying at a large or impersonal motel or hotel, plus they have the added convenience of being close to or even right on the water, having all the amenities of a house, as well as being much larger than a hotel room or even a suite would be.

Many of the beach vacation homes available offer all the features of a hotel vacation. If you are considering a rental and are going through an agency or property management company, it is usually possible to have a rental car provided for you upon arrival. In addition, many companies and agencies can also offer bonded and professional cleaning staff, chefs and even tour guides that will personalize your beach vacation and really make it a holiday for everyone in the family.

If you would prefer to just be able to relax and enjoy the warm weather, beach vacation homes can offer a quiet, stress-free holiday environment. To ensure that you get the best possible rental property, be sure to check the following:

* Ensure that you know the full amount of the rental and any additional expenses that may be included. Most beach vacation homes, especially those that are right on the beach or at the water will book up at least one season in advance. Holiday times such as summer vacation, spring break and even Christmas holidays may be booked several seasons in advance.

* Before sending a deposit or providing a credit card number for a deposit or reservation, fully understand the cancellation policy or any insurance that you may need to have on the property.

* Whether you are renting beach vacation homes from an individual or a company, be sure to get everything in writing before supplying a deposit or credit card information, especially if you have not rented through the company or from the individual before. A verbal agreement is not binding or legally valid in a court but a written, signed contract is a legal document.

* Finally, check the area in which the beach vacation home is located. While property right on the beach is great in quiet or secluded places, on busy beaches it can be a bit more stressful and noisy, especially if you are wanting a quiet vacation spot.

Doing some advanced research on beach vacation homes is simple through the internet or making a few phone calls. Planning your vacation is half the fun and knowing what you want and finding just the right beach vacation homes makes the holiday perfect for the whole family.

If I was visiting a city for the first time, I would definitely have to depend to a very large extent on the information available in magazines and on the net, for a choice in accommodation. It would be pointless to do this, without a clear idea of the amount of money I could spend on accommodation of any sort. Any person who is traveling to a city on business would do well to think of these things before he starts looking out for a hotel, be it a discount hotel or otherwise:

• The number of days you need to stay in the city

• The amount of traveling you will have to do within the place of stay; this is necessary because, you need to know the proximity of the hotel to travel take-off points

• The location of the hotel – this would be particularly important because, most brochures do not show the environs of a hotel. When a hotel is called a budget hotel or a discount hotel, the pictures that represent this are usually of the hotel room or lobby. Rarely do you get to see where exactly the hotel is situated. This could be quite misleading. You would think you have a good bargain; you would book yourself in from your home, and then have the time of your life, trying to find the hotel, because it is literally down some alleyway.

• Find out if there are going to be any hidden costs: if the hotel is going to ask you to pay a basic amount and then keep adding on for every small service that they provide, then the hotel is not a discount hotel, by any flight of imagination.

Though the list given above is not an exhaustive one, it would be good to think of these points when you are looking for a good hotel.

It is also a good idea to find out whether the hotel offers you package deals. For instance, if you know in advance that you might have to spend close to 15 days in a month in and around a particular city; it would be good to find a good hotel to stay in. It makes sense to go to a place, where you are recognized and treated more as a friend than as a guest. Apart from the feel-good factor, the hotel could possibly offer you a discount because you are a frequent visitor.

Some hotels offer you discounts on the tariff itself, while some others give you some add-ons that are quite attractive. They could, for instance, offer you the use of their sports and leisure facilities free; they could also offer you the chance to be rejuvenated in their spa or health centre for no extra charge.

Therefore, finding discount hotels could be both exciting as well as tiresome. You need to find the right balance that will make you feel that your money is well spent.

 by: Ben Jackson

You can really sink yourself and your finances into the timeshares. It makes it more appealing to you when the prices is lower than normal and the reasons for wanting to sell are getting more and more profound.

When you realize that choices were made about the timeshares and were not the best ones that could have been thought up, you have hope for the future. Now is a much better time to find out then to discover it later when it has gotten worse. Selling it may appear to you to be a mistake because of all paperwork and the details to take care of. In this instant, you realize now that the salesperson was not straightforward with you and all that was involved.

The calls and mail from those companies to sell a resort can be overwhelming for you at that time. The main focus for them is to sell you a space. Later does not cross anyones mind. You are having a great trip and they are thinking of dollar signs and the presentation. You will act, on the spur of the moment, because you are thinking how great it all is. This lasts until you realize all the money and time involved in it. The main reason is that it is different to sell the timeshares. The price you bought it for does not matter or when it was that, you bought it. This makes it harder to sell it.

You will act, on the spur of the moment, because you are thinking how great it all is. This lasts until you realize all the money and time involved in it. The main reason is that it is different to sell the timeshares. The price you bought it for does not matter or when it was that, you bought it. This makes it harder to sell it.

Let us assume that you like to spend time at the timeshare for many years. Some time or another, the problems begin and your life changes, the timeshare is no longer a profitable thing for you. You will still have to take on the responsibilities that go along with all the problems. Deciding to sell the timeshare is such a huge endeavor. Proceed with caution into the land of the buyer beware!

Without a healthy economy and market, you will not be able to sell the timeshare. The burdon of proof is laid on your shoulders and will show you a cut in the proce to over half of what you paid for it. Listed below are some of the major things you can do to make the process run smoothly:

1. Correct Price – The famous places for timeshare values is at an auction or resale. You can work the price down and find yourself some great packages for almost nothing. If you are trying to sell a timeshare, the price needs to be correct for it. Customers want to spend as little money as possible for a resort stay. This is the main reason for the second hand sale decline.

The price of the original sale will be cut drastically when you finally close on it. Coming to a fair agreement between the buyer and seller is the best course of action for all involved. Deciding on half of it is better than nothing at all.

2. It will need the right breakdown to properly assess the timeshare. You should be intimate with all details of your property. To start, write down all the great things the timeshare has available to you as the owner.

3. The best part is more complicated because you have to decide if the timeshare is a fixed, floating, rotation, location of timeshare, how many rooms and baths, deed ownership, lease ownership, cost of maintaining it each year, and the color times of the week. These things will have a major impact on how well the sell of the timeshare will do. If amenities are unique, elite, and fashionable, you will be able to sell the timeshare very quickly and for more money.

Now that you are aware of the things that make up the timeshare, you can move in the forward direction in selling it by adding it to an advertising media. Asking a professional for help is also a good idea to help the sale along.

Once you have all the details of your property, you cannot only decide the right price for it but prior to that, you can advertise it well because you have its complete details. Getting professional advice is also very helpful in selling time-shares. Before getting yourself a business to sell l the property, find out if they are legal and if the price is right. THE PRICE IS THE KEY TO GETTING THE SALE FINALIZED QUICKLY.

Selling Is Not Happening – Rent It Out

When the sale of the timeshare is not the best thing for you to do, you can try renting it out. The buyers to come will be able to view and experience the timeshare you are trying to sell. This will be successful like the customer rental might be the think to start the buying process.

You can always give the timeshare away to a charity. I know this may be hard for you to swallow. Giving it away may be the only way for releasing yourself from the burden.Some charities that allow donations of timeshares will sell the timeshares during an auction for their causes. You can write this off your taxes. You do not have the regular fees incurred with this particular selling style.

The money from the auction will benefit the nonprofit group chosen to take the item from you.

You might think about a fair swap of timeshares. If you are the owner then you may be able to swap the condos for a change of scenery, or for a new venue all together. Whatever your niche, you will be able to find it and let us hope it is a profit for all.

Once it has been held for a few years, it may be that you are into able to keep the burden and the costs associated with it or you just are not making any money from it. This would warrant you choosing to sell the timeshare and regaining some of the money spent.

Legal advise from a lawyer specializing in this type of sale will also give you insight into the world of selling your timeshare.

You can find helpful information on timeshares by visiting the library, searching the internet, or discussing it with friends and family. Not only will they help you, they may even buy the timeshare from you. this would be the easiest way to deal with it. Do you feel this way also or is there other ides floating around in your head? For more info see http://www.timesharesreview.com/Cancun_Timeshares on cancun mexico.

Selling timeshares is definitely a hard task and something that should not be taken lightly. In time, it will benefit you tremendously if this is something you have your heart set on doing. Tread easily and carefully through the market to find a buyer and one that is offering something acceptable.

Good luck on the journey to come and I hope you find what you are looking for.

by: Wade Robins

The first time I visited Yogyakarta, I had just turned 18. I remember vigorously walking the streets and feeling a connection with the city and its inhabitants that I could not explain. Every part of old Yogyakarta held something very dear, and every brasserie that looked like it had been there forever somehow seemed very familiar.

Was it the culture, so readily apparent in every square, every narrow street and every corner? Was it the architecture, which I grew up with and could so easily relate to?

Are you thinking of visiting Yogyakarta but are put off by what you’ve heard from your friends about the expense of a holiday there? It’s true that often people think of a holiday to a Mediterranean country such as Yogyakarta as a very expensive and difficult trip to plan. This is simply not true. There is a good selection of cheap holidays to Yogyakarta that include airfare, hotels and even car rentals or tours once you arrive.

Looking for one of the many cheap holidays to Yogyakarta is simple if you have access to a computer and the internet. Many of the online booking companies offer discount packages if you travel slightly off season, which may mean planning your vacation either just in front or just behind the peak tourist season.

In Yogyakarta the peak vacation times are the summer months of June to September, but the warm weather often extends well past September and even in April and May. In fact, you may find that a holiday outside the peak periods is in fact much more enjoyable – and bearable. After all, it’s no fun at all walking around cities like Malioboro, Kalasan or Prambanan in the boiling heat of a July or August midday.

Planning your vacation just off the main tourist times will usually give you cheaper flights, cheaper hotels and a lot less people around. Another option is to take last minute flights that have not sold, often these flights are a fraction of the price but do require a lot of flexibility.

Staying in hostels is a great way to have cheap holidays to Yogyakarta but many hostels have requirements on age and time that you can stay. Sticking to independent hotels rather than the larger chain hotels can also provide slightly decreased costs, plus it allows you to really experience the culture of the area. Another option is to stay in one place that has a good low daily rate and simply travel using rental cars, buses or even the train on day trips to see the surrounding areas.

One of the best ways to decrease the costs of a trip to Spain is to stay just slightly off the beaten path. Many of the smaller towns around the larger cities have wonderful accommodations at a fraction of the price. Meals, food and drink are often much more reasonable in smaller areas than in the big cities.

A rail pass is a relatively inexpensive way to get around the country and saves the traveler from having to navigate the roads and deal with a rental car. Rail or train travel is popular and inexpensive throughout Europe and the rail passes can be used outside of Yogyakarta, making them a good cost saving idea for cheap holidays in Yogyakarta.

As you can see, there are many ways you can look into to reduce the price of your holidays in Yogyakarta. The main thing is to actually get there and soak in the sun, the joie de vivre of the people, the delicious food – or whatever else attracts you!